and ABBREVIATION DICTIONARY Networks and Telecommunications/Electronics -->L ~ all in all

ABBREVIATION DICTIONARY Networks and Telecommunications/Electronics -->L

L

L-Band
In electrical systems, portion of the radio frequency spectrum, 950 MHz to 2050 MHz, used in satellite, microwave and GPS applications. In optical systems, the range of wavelengths between 1570nm and 1620nm.







LAN
Local Area Network - A network that interconnects devices over a geographically small area, typically in one building or a part of a building.







LAN Packet Display
This is a display of packet performance over a specified time, whether measured graphically or by counters.







LAN Service Unit
LAN service unit.







LAN-to-LAN Modem Access
A configuration in which two remote-access devices use a dial-up modem connection to route or bridge traffic between LANs.







LAN/WAN Connectivity
This is the practical set of tools, from OS layer protocols to support services that make a remote access device an effective link between LANs and WANs. An effective remote access server must include a host of communications and translation protocols to fulfill this function.







LAP-B T1 Timer
On an X.25 link, a timer that specifies the maximum amount of time in seconds the transmitter should wait for an acknowledgment before initiating a recovery procedure. On a transmission line between a user and the network, a particular frame or acknowledgment can be incorrectly transmitted or simply discarded. To keep the transmitter from waiting indefinitely for an acknowledgment, you can specify the maximum amount of time the transmitter should wait. When you choose a value, you must take into account any frame transmission and processing delays you might encounter. In most cases, you should use the default value suggested by the network.







LARP
Locus Address Resolution Protocol







LATA
The geographic area identified as the domain of the local exchange carrier (LEC) within which the LEC carries all long-distance traffic.







LCP
Link Control Protocol. The protocol used by the Point-to-Point Protocol for establishing, configuring, and testing the data link connection.







LDC
Long Distance Carrier. See IEC.







LEC
Local Exchange Carrier







LLB
Line Loopback







LLC
Logical Link Control







LMDS
Local Multipoint Distribution Service. A digital wireless cable system that provides two-way transmission in the 28 gigahertz range of the spectrum. It depends on line of sight and requires a transmitter every few miles.







LNB
Low Noise Block-Converter







LNBF
Low Noise Block-Converted Frequencies







LQM
Line Quality Monitoring. A feature that enables the Ascend unit to monitor the quality of a link.







LSU
LAN Service Unit. See Multiband LSU. Leased Lines







Landline Telephone Communication
A communications method in which a signal is carried over a copper local loop.







Laser
A device which produces a single frequency of light.







Latency
The time between initiating a request for data and the beginning of the actual data transfer. Network latency is the delay introduced when a packet is momentarily stored, analyzed, and then forwarded.







Lead Frame
In chip making, a metal frame that is connected to the bonding pads of a chip by wire. It provides external electrical connections for a packaged electrical device. See for more info.







Lease Time
As defined by the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) in a Network Address Translation (NAT) for LAN configuration, the time in which a host is assigned an IP address. If the host renews the address before its lease period expires, the DHCP service reassigns the same address. Plug and Play addresses always expire in 60 seconds.







Leased Address
In a Network Address Translation (NAT) for LAN configuration, an IP address offered by a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server for a limited duration.







Leased Line
A permanent telephone connection between two points that is rented for exclusive use from a telecommunications common carrier. In contrast to a normal dial-up connection, a leased line is always active. Typically, the highest-speed data connections require a leased line connection. For example, a T1 channel is a type of leased line that provides a maximum transmission speed of 1.544Mbps.







Least-Cost Routing
Equipment that automatically decides for the user as to the most economical method of placing a phone call. It routes outgoing calls via the most cost-effective lines available to the system.







Level 2 Window Size
On an X.25 connection, the maximum number of sequentially numbered frames that a given data terminal equipment/data circuit-terminating equipment (DTE/DCE) link can have unacknowledged at any given time.







Light Emitting Diode (LED)
An LED is a semiconductor light source that emits light in the optical frequency band or the infrared frequency band. LEDs are a major light source for optical fiber transmission used with multimode optical fiber in applications that require a low-cost light source.







Light-emitting Diode
A semiconductor device that radiates light when a small electric current is passed through it. Used in many devices, from wristwatches to control panels in service providers' central offices. Reliable in lightwave systems, but lacking the purity, speed and distance of lasers.







Lightguide
An extremely clear, thin glass fiber that is to light what copper wire is to electricity. Synonymous with optical fiber.







Lightwave
Particles of light known as photons travel in waves. The length of the waves determines the light's color, speed, and behavior in a lightguide.







Line
A physical interface to the WAN.







Line Loopback
Line loopback.







Line Quality Monitoring
A feature that enables the Lucent unit to monitor the quality of a link. LQM counts the number of packets sent across the link and periodically asks the remote end how many packets it has received. Discrepancies are evidence of packet loss and indicate link quality problems. The Lucent unit can tear down and reestablish a call if the problems on the link exceed a specified threshold.







Line Width
Also known as geometry or design rule. Describes the smallest size of the features on a chip, measured in microns. Since they define the size of a chip's features, line widths determine the number of transistors that can be placed on a chip.







Line speed
The speed of the physical wire attached to the interface or interface hardware. The line speed is 10Mbps for Ethernet and 1.544Mbps for T1.







Link Access Procedure (LAP)
LAP is a protocol containing a subset of High-Level Data Link Protocol (HDLC) features. In order to maintain compatibility with HDLC, LAP was changed to create LAPB.







Link Access Procedure, Frame
LAPF is a protocol for Frame-mode bearer services







Link Access Procedure, Modem (LAPM)
LAPM is an error-detection protocol for correcting data communication errors occurring on the link between two modems.







Link budget
A means of calculating the overall system's performance based upon a set criteria.







Link gain
The amount a signal's power has gained, expressed in dB. This occurs when the loss in the components in the system is less than the gain of the systems components.







Link loss
The amount of a signal's power lost, expressed in dB. This occurs when the loss in the components in the system exceeds the gain of the systems components.







Link margin
The available power left in the system once its operating point has been obtained.







Link-State-Request Packet
An Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) request for an updated database. To make routing decisions, OSPF uses a link-state database of the network and propagates only changes to the database.







Link-state Routing Protocol
A sophisticated method of determining the shortest paths through the network.







Link-state-update Packet
A packet exchanged between Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routers for the purpose of updating link-state databases.







Listening Pattern
In an X.25/T3POS configuration, a called address that the data terminal equipment (DTE) is expecting. Calls initiated by the host are answered by the DTE connecting to the T3POS PAD and listening for host-initiated calls. The host must send a called address matching the pattern the DTE is listening for. This pattern does not need to be a complete X.121 address, but could be a sub pattern (including wildcard characters).







Little Endian
A format for storage or transmission of binary data in which the least significant byte (bit) comes first.







Load Balancing
A technique that distributes network traffic along parallel paths in order to maximize the available network bandwidth while providing redundancy.







Local Access and Transport Area (LATA)
The geographic area identified as the domain of the local exchange carrier (LEC) within which the LEC carriers all long-distance traffic.







Local Area Network
A LAN is a network in which two or more computers, located within a limited distance of one another, are connected in order to share files and resources. A PC-based LAN consists of a dedicated server running a network operating system and attached to several workstations. A host-based LAN consists of one or more hosts and terminals. Examples of LAN architectures are Ethernet, ARCnet, fiber distributed data interface (FDDI), and token ring.







Local Device
A device directly connected to the Lucent unit or residing on the local Ethernet.







Local Exchange Carrier
An organization that provides local telephone service, which includes the RBOCs, large companies such as GTE and hundreds of small, rural telephone companies. A LEC controls the service from its central office (CO) to subscribers within a local geographic area.







Local Loop
The physical wires that run from the subscriber’s telephone set, PBX, or key telephone system, to the telephone company central office. Increasingly, the local loop now goes from the main distribution frame in the basement to the telephone company. And the subscriber is responsible for getting his wires from the box in the basement to his phone, PBX, or key system.







Local Loopback
Loopback performed between an application and network access equipment. The signal is sent from the application to the network access equipment and back to the application without being sent out over the network.







Local Management Interface (LMI)
A specification for the use of frame relay products that define a method of exchanging status information between devices, such as routers.







Local Number Portability (LNP)
Local number portability.







Local User
A user at a device directly connected to the Lucent unit or residing on the local Ethernet.







Locus Address Resolution Protocol
Locus Address Resolution Protocol.







Logic
Circuits responsible for the intelligence in computers. They perform logical operations and do arithmetic. In computer programming, logic refers to the procedure used to perform a task or solve a problem. See for more info.







Logic Gate
A component of an integrated circuit which is grouped with many logic gates to compose a logic circuit. The way in which the logic gates are linked determines the type of tasks the IC performs. See for more info.







Logical Address
An address assigned by a network administrator to associate several devices with one another in a logical hierarchy or group. A router uses the logical address to help transmit a packet to its destination. An example of a logical address is an IP address.







Logical Interface
A permanent virtual circuit (PVC) endpoint on a frame relay network. The logical interface requires a data link connection indicator (DLCI). A DLCI uniquely identifies the logical endpoint of a virtual circuit (VC).







Logical Link Control
Logical link control.







Long Distance Carrier
Long distance carrier.







Longitudinal Redundancy Check (LRC)
LRC is an error-detection method that adds one character, known as the block check character (BCC), to the end of each packet. The system determines the value of the first bit of the BBC by counting the number of 1s in the first bits of all the characters in the packet, and then setting the first bit of the BBC to a 1 (one) if the sum is even, or to 0 (zero) if the sum is odd. The system determines the value of the second bit of the BBC by counting the number of 1s in the second bits of all the characters in the packet, then by counting the number of 1s in the third bits, and so forth.







Loop-start Signaling
A type of signaling in which the customer premises equipment (CPE) signals an off-hook condition by closing a relay at the central office (CO).







Loopback
A test that enables the Ascend unit to place a call to itself over the WAN, and to send a user-specified number of packets over the connection. The loopback tests the Ascend unit's ability to initiate and receive calls, and diagnoses whether the connection over the digital access line and the WAN is sound. A local loopback can test whether the connection to local devices is sound.







local exchange carrier
An organization that provides local telephone service. Includes the RBOCs, large companies such as GTE and hundreds of small, rural telephone companies. A LEC controls the service from its central office (CO) to subscribers within a local geographic








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